Forklift Starters and Alternators

Forklift Starters and Alternators - The starter motor these days is normally either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor which consists of a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it can be a permanent-magnet composition. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, mainly through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion that is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear which is found on the flywheel of the engine.

The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, which starts to turn. When the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring inside the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in just one direction. Drive is transmitted in this manner through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion remains engaged, for instance in view of the fact that the driver fails to release the key when the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.

The actions discussed above will prevent the engine from driving the starter. This significant step prevents the starter from spinning so fast that it would fly apart. Unless adjustments were done, the sprag clutch arrangement will prevent making use of the starter as a generator if it was employed in the hybrid scheme mentioned earlier. Usually a regular starter motor is meant for intermittent utilization that would prevent it being used as a generator.

Hence, the electrical parts are intended to be able to operate for just about less than 30 seconds to be able to avoid overheating. The overheating results from too slow dissipation of heat due to ohmic losses. The electrical parts are designed to save weight and cost. This is the reason nearly all owner's manuals for automobiles suggest the operator to pause for at least ten seconds right after each and every ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine which does not turn over instantly.

In the early part of the 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Previous to that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system operates by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. Once the starter motor starts spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly allows it to ride forward on the helix, therefore engaging with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to surpass the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.

In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was made. The overrunning-clutch design that was made and launched during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights in the body of the drive unit. This was an enhancement since the standard Bendix drive used to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, though it did not stay running.

The drive unit if force forward by inertia on the helical shaft when the starter motor is engaged and begins turning. Afterward the starter motor becomes latched into the engaged position. As soon as the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, like for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and after that the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, hence unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided previous to a successful engine start.

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